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Arcangela Tarabotti (24 February 1604 – 28 February 1652) was a Venetian nun and Early Modern Italian writer. Tarabotti wrote texts and corresponded with cultural and political figures for most of her adult life, centering the issues of forced enclosure, and what she saw as other symptoms and systems of patriarchy and misogyny in her works and discussions.〔Westwater, Cloistered, 284.〕〔Panizza, 1.〕 Tarabotti wrote at least seven works, though only five were published during her lifetime.〔Ray, Biography.〕〔Westwater, Cloistered, 284-5.〕 Because of the politics of Tarabotti’s works, many scholars consider her “a protofeminist writer as well as an early political theorist.” 〔Ray, Biography.〕 == Early Life and Enclosure == Arcangela Tarabotti was born Elena Cassandra Tarabotti in Castello, Venice.〔Ray, Biography.〕 Her parents were Stefano Tarabotti and Maria Cadena.〔Ray, Biography.〕 Tarabotti was one of eleven children and the eldest of six daughters.〔Ray, Biography.〕 Tarabotti, like her father, had physical disabilities, which made her feel physically weak and may have contributed to her father’s conclusion that she was unfit for marriage.〔Panizza, 2.〕 At the age of 11 (in 1617), Tarabotti was sent as a boarder to the Benedictine Convent of Sant’Anna and took the name “Arcangela."〔Panizza, 3.〕〔Ray, Biography.〕 Such monachization—especially of daughters deemed “unmarriageable”—was common in Early Modern Europe; this practice, especially when forced or coerced, formed the thematic center of her critical works.〔Westwater, Friendship, 79.〕 In 1620, Tarabotti took her first vows and, in 1623, she took her final vows rendering her monastic status permanent.〔Panizza, 3.〕 At least during her earlier years in the cloister, Tarabotti was said to have been rebellious and outspoken; Tarabotti refused to wear the religious habits or cut her hair until directly ordered to do so by Catholic Cardinal and Patriarch of Venice, Federico Cornaro.〔Panizza, 3, 6.〕 Her beliefs, however, remained unchanged; Tarabotti wrote of Cardinal Cornaro, explaining that “He made me amend my vanities. I cut off my hair, but I did not uproot my emotions. I reformed my life, but my thoughts flourish rampantly, and just like my shorn hair, grow all the more.” 〔quoted in Panizza, 6, from Tarabotti’s Paradiso.〕 Indeed, though Tarabotti remained less outwardly rebellious after this time, she wrote that, by living as a nun, she was “living a lie.” 〔Panizza, 6.〕 Most enclosed women (or nuns) at this time lived separately from lay society, and were prohibited by Canonical law from interacting with people outside of the cloister. Enclosed as she was, Tarabotti managed to educate herself, reading and writing a great deal during her years in the convent; not only that, Tarabotti also managed to circulate her works among peers through correspondence, and appears to have had many visits from outsiders—all of which contact and correspondence were in direct disobedience of Church officials.〔Panizza, 7, 12-13.〕 During her time in the cloister, Tarabotti appears to have educated herself and created an impressive network of correspondents, including various writers, scientists, and political figures.〔Panizza, 12-13.〕〔Westwater, Friendship, 67.〕 Tarabotti used this network to engage in critical political and literary discourse with cultural and political figures, and to help in the editing and publishing of five texts during her lifetime (and, ‘‘Paternal Tyranny’’, her most prized work, two years after her death).〔Ray, Biography.〕〔Panizza, 7, 12-13.〕〔Westwater, Cloister, 284-5.〕 Though cloistered women had unique opportunities to educate themselves and sometimes had access to books and writing materials, Tarabotti’s level of education seemed unique even among this group of women—indeed, some historians have remarked that her handwriting and other indicators of literary proficiency were “well above average.”〔Medioli, 55.〕 Most unique though, may have been Tarabotti’s radical politics and connections to influential literary and political communities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arcangela Tarabotti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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